COPD & Emphysema

Living With COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis, is a long-term lung disease that narrows the airways and damages the air sacs, making it harder to move air out of the lungs. Smoking is the most common cause, but COPD can also come from secondhand smoke, workplace dusts and fumes, and a genetic condition called alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.

Common symptoms:

  • Shortness of breath, especially with activity
  • Chronic cough, with or without mucus
  • Wheezing or chest tightness
  • Frequent chest colds or flare-ups
  • Fatigue
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Diagnosis & Treatment

How we diagnose COPD

  • Pulmonary function testing (spirometry) to confirm and measure airflow obstruction
  • A walk test to check oxygen levels with activity
  • Chest imaging, and testing for alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

Treatment options

  • A personalized inhaler plan and training on proper inhaler technique
  • Help quitting smoking
  • Vaccines to prevent infections that trigger flare-ups
  • Pulmonary rehabilitation and home oxygen when needed
  • Newer therapies, including biologic injections for some patients with frequent flare-ups
  • Endobronchial valves (lung volume reduction) for selected patients with severe emphysema
  • A written flare-up action plan

See also: Shortness of Breath · Lung Cancer Screening

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